During the second day of the National Education Conference, the Ministry of Education outlined upcoming reforms to Rwanda’s upper secondary general education. Recently adopted by Cabinet, the reform replaces the current A-Level subject combinations with three broad learning pathways, designed to equip students with the skills they need for university, the workforce, and life.

Under the new structure, general education students will choose one of the following pathways:

1. Mathematics and Sciences

2. Arts and Humanities

3. Languages

“All existing subject combinations will now fall under these three pathways,” explained Minister of Education, Joseph Nsengimana. “This approach is about giving our learners the skills and clarity they need to make informed decisions about their future.”

This change is designed to expand learning opportunities and better prepare students for life after secondary school—whether they pursue university studies or enter the workforce. It forms part of a broader national vision to equip young people with the knowledge, skills, and flexibility to make informed choices and contribute meaningfully to Rwanda’s development.

Some subjects will remain mandatory across all pathways—namely Mathematics, English, ICT, and Entrepreneurship—to ensure all students gain essential skills for today’s evolving job market.

To support a smooth transition, the Ministry is working with schools during the summer break to assess readiness. “We’re not leaving anything to chance,” said Minister Nsengimana. “Teachers and school leaders are being engaged early to ensure full preparation.”

The reform was informed by nationwide consultations with over 5,500 participants, including students, parents, teachers, and local leaders.

Professional courses such as TTC, accounting, and various TVET tracks remain unchanged and will continue to be offered.

These reforms are more than just a shift in curriculum—it’s a step toward realizing Rwanda’s Vision 2050. By offering students clearer academic paths and a stronger focus on practical skills, we’re helping them grow into adaptable, confident individuals ready to shape the future.